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Birchtown, Nova Scotia
Birchtown is a community and National Historic Site in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located near Shelburne in the Shelburne Municipal District of Shelburne County.〔(Government of Nova Scotia website: Community Counts )〕 (The two other significant Black Loyalist communities established in Nova Scotia were Brindley town and Tracadie.) Founded in 1783, it is famous as the largest settlement of Black Loyalists and was the largest free settlement of Africans in North America in the eighteenth century. The community was named after British Brigadier General Samuel Birch, an official who assisted in the evacuation of Black Loyalists from New York. (Also named after the general was a much smaller settlement of Black Loyalists in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia called Birchtown.)〔("Birchtown", ''Place-Names and Places of Nova Scotia'' Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management'', p. 67 )〕
==Creation==
Birchtown was first settled by Stephen Blucke, who has been referred to as "the true founder of the Afro-Nova Scotian community.〔Barry Cahill. Stephen Blucke: The Perils of Being a "White Negro" in Loyalist Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia Historical Review. p. 129〕 Birchtown was the major settlement area of the African Americans known as Black Loyalists who escaped to the British during the American War of Independence. These were Africans who escaped from slavery in the American South and fought for the British during the war. The majority of Nova Scotian settlers who later immigrated to Sierra Leone in 1792 lived first in Birchtown. Most Birchtown blacks entered Nova Scotia through the nearby town of Port Roseway soon renamed Shelburne. Many of these African settlers were recorded in the ''Book of Negroes''.
They were issued passports which established their freedom signed by General Birch, known as General Birch Certificates. The core of the settlement were five companies of the Black Pioneers who were Black Americans who helped the British forces during the American War of Independence. Over two thirds of the Blacks who immigrated to Canada were from the American South. Birchtown was acknowledged as being the largest settlement of free African Americans in the world by newspapers in New York and in London. Birchtown's population grew further in July 1784 when free Blacks who lived in Shelburne were attacked in the Shelburne Riots which caused many such as the clergyman David George to flee to Birchtown for safety.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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